(NEWZIMBABWE) Tsvangirai a psychiatric case: Chiwenga
05/05/2013 00:00:00
by Staff Reporter
ARMY commander, General Constantine Chiwenga, has dismissed reports security chiefs have held meetings with Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai, dismissing the MDC-T leader as “psychiatric patient” suffering from “hallucinations”.
Local media recently claimed Tsvangirai was holding meetings with top army generals and other security services chiefs to discuss their futures ahead of elections expected later this year. But Chiwenga told the Sunday Mail that he had no time for meetings with “sell-outs”.
“I and fellow ZDF generals are not missionaries and will never meet with Tsvangirai; we have no time to meet sell-outs, mapuruvheya,” he told the state-run weekly
“Clearly Tsvangirai is a psychiatric patient who needs a competent psychiatrist. There is nothing like that, we never met Tsvangirai, Giles Mutsekwa or anyone from the MDC-T. Why would we do that? We have no time for sell-outs.”
Chiwenga warned the MDC-T against spreading “such nonsense because it will never help anyone.”
He said: “It’s a figment of his imagination that he met us. I think he was dreaming and that dream should remain a dream and never be reality because we have better things to do than to meet with sell-outs.
“It’s just not possible for me to entertain the MDC-T leader, we are different. Just like oil and water, we cannot mix. As the defence forces we will not respect or entertain people who do not value the ideals of the liberation struggle.
“Meeting such people will be a mockery to the thousands of people who sacrificed their lives fighting for the country’s independence. Who the hell does Tsvangirai think he is? No one can make us turn our back on the ideals of the liberation struggle.”
Police chief Augustine Chihuri also denied meeting the MDC-T leader saying "I have no business talking to individuals of no substance.”
Several security services chiefs have warned that they would not allow leaders who did not participate in the liberation struggle to take over power even if they won elections, in a barely veiled reference to the MDC-T leader.
And on Sunday Chiwenga said veterans of the independence struggle would not work with leaders who did not respect their sacrifices.
“Thousands of people died for this country and you cannot change that nor wish it away,” he said.
“This country was liberated courtesy of a protracted struggle, some of us we carry severe scars from that struggle and its unimaginable of us to spit on that struggle through meeting sell outs.”
Tsvangirai pulled out of the 2008 election run-off, claiming generals, seen as fiercely loyal to President Robert Mugabe, launched a brutal crackdown against his supporters after he edged the Zanu PF leader in the first round of the ballot.
The MDC-T is now demanding security sector reforms before new elections are held this year with officials saying this would help prevent a repeat of violence experienced in 2008.
But Zanu PF has said the country's security services will not be tempered with.
Labels: ARMED FORCES, CONSTANTINE CHIWENGA, MORGAN TSVANGIRAI
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ZDF loyal to civilian authority: Chiwenga
Saturday, 11 August 2012 00:00
Farirai Machivenyika Senior Reporter
ZIMBABWE Defence Forces are loyal to civilian authority and their discipline has never been questionable, ZDF Commander General Constantine Chiwenga has said.
He said experience gained during the days of the liberation struggle had taught them the importance of subordination to civilian political authority, contrary to criticism by some members of the inclusive Government that the forces were biased towards Zanu-PF. He was speaking in an interview ahead of the Defence Forces Day commemorations on Tuesday.
Gen Chiwenga said ZDF had remained loyal to the country and authority, despite challenges brought by illegal sanctions imposed on Zimbabwe.
“The principle of military subordination to civilian authority, which is the cornerstone of professionalism was borne out of the armed struggle and not these theories, which are being talked about that are very nonsensical.
“That principle to civilian authority was borne out of the armed struggle and that is how this country was liberated, which then entails self dedication to serve the people, which was also an attribute gained during the liberation struggle.
“The initiatives in the face of adversity as well as resilience and commitment to duty were also hallmarks of liberation fighters and these are secrets, which have now been passed on to this generation of fighters and will continue to be passed on to generations to come,” he said.
Gen Chiwenga said the ZDF owed its success to liberation war commanders such as Cde Josiah Tongogara, Alfred Nikita Mangena, General Solomon Mujuru, former ZDF commander General Vitalis Zvinavashe and Air Chief Marshall (Josiah) Tungamirai, among others.
Gen Chiwenga slammed accusations that the ZDF was active in Zanu-PF politics, saying people who were saying that wanted them to forget their history.
“That is absolutely nonsense. Can someone really say one must cut off his history and throw it away?
“People have been to the struggle, be it in Zipra or Zanla and that is a fact and throughout the world no other force has been as loyal as ZDF. If we were partisan, this country would have gone to the dogs.
“But we also have to safeguard our sovereignty, national integrity. For them to say that, there is freedom of speech. It also has to be known that everyone has that right to freedom of speech,” Gen Chiwenga said.
He said the ZDF had a proven track record that has seen them participate in various peacekeeping missions around the world and said as a force they continued to strive to improve standards as seen by the construction of the National Defence College.
He said Zimbabwe continued to train officers from other countries in the region, a testimony of their professionalism.
He defended the ZDF decision to engage in business activities, saying this was common practice the world over.
“The development of a nation is jointly done by its citizens. Everyone who has the capability must work for the development of the nation be it in science, business or tourism,” he said.
Meanwhile, Zimbabwe National Army Commander Lieutenant General Phillip Valerio Sibanda said the army remained resolute in fulfilling its constitutional mandate despite the challenges brought by the illegal sanctions.
“The ZNA is part of Zimbabwe and we were affected by the sanctions. We share the same cake and whatever affects our people out there, affects us too.
“But let me say the economic challenges we have faced are clearly understood by our members and we have vowed as an army that these challenges will not derail our ability to successfully execute our mandate.
“We have continued to perform our duties and yes, we talk of challenges but they have not been an impediment to executing or achieving our mandate,” he said.
On allegations by Finance Minister Tendai Biti that the army was secretly recruiting personnel, Lt Gen Sibanda said ZNA had done everything above board.
“It is very unfortunate that somebody decided to call our recruitments illegal or to term them illegal because as far as we are concerned we made our plans known,” he said.
Lt-Gen Sibanda said Zimbabweans, especially the youths, needed to appreciate the importance of the Heroes and Defence Forces Days as they signified the supreme sacrifices of gallant sons and daughters of the country.
“As we celebrate Heroes and Defence Forces 2012 I think it is incumbent upon each and every member to sit back and think about what these two days mean.
They are a very important element in our history and it is important that we obviously reflect on the past because it is the past that defines our future.
“I would also like to say to the youths of Zimbabwe, some of them born well after independence that it does not mean that Heroes and Defence forces are for those who fought the war of liberation or who had been born during the time of liberations war.
“It is for all Zimbabweans and we should sit back and reflect on what brought about this independence, it is time to think about those that sacrificed and lost their lives to bring the independence we celebrate today,” he said.
Lt Gen Sibanda urged Zimbabweans to be cognisant of their history.
“Our history is extremely rich and our history needs people who can work on it, who believe in it and who can articulate it.
“We have people who would rather articulate American history, Commonwealth history or imperial British history without wanting to talk about our own history. It’s like our history started in 1980 and this is most unfortunate,” he said.
The ZNA commander said the army would continue to work with the general populace in various activities and projects across the country.
Labels: ARMED FORCES, CONSTANTINE CHIWENGA
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Chiwenga rules out WikiLeaks probe
16/10/2011 00:00:00
by Staff Reporter
ARMY chief, General Constantine Chiwenga has said two senior officers who blasted his leadership and lack of military experience during secret meetings with US Ambassador, Charles Ray will not be punished.
According confidential US embassy cables released by whistle-blower website, WikiLeaks, Major-General Fidelis Satuku and Brigadier-General Herbert Chingono made their damning assessment of Chiwenga during a secret meeting Ambassador Charles Ray in Harare on January 5 and 6 last year. But Chiwenga told state media the army would not take any action against the pair.
“The ZDF is a strategic institution that cannot afford to make any irrational decisions. Our role is to defend the nation and we cannot afford to be distracted from this duty by the works of foreign forces,” Chiwenga said in an interview with The Sunday Mail.
“The two generals are key components of the force; they have served us well. We cannot afford to treat them in an irrational manner because of something that cannot be verified.”
Satuku and Chingono reportedly told Ambassador Ray that Chiwenga lacked military experience and had only attended one mid-level training course.
“The Commander of the Defence Forces, General Constantine Chiwenga, is a political general who works hard but has very little military experience or expertise,” the US embassy cables read in part.
“A political commissar before 1980, he has only attended one mid-level training course, which he did not complete. If given a choice between a military and political issue, he routinely defaults to the political.”
But Chiwenga warned that US officials could have been trying to destabilise the army and force the security services sector reforms being demanded by the West.
“The WikiLeaks statements were made by United States embassy officials; they might have had an imperialist agenda,” Chiwenga said in an interview with The Sunday Mail.
“To the Zimbabwe Defence Forces (ZDF), WikiLeaks is of little significance. It would, therefore, be improper for an institution such as ours to make a decision based on statements that were relayed by United States embassy officials who could have been pursuing certain agendas.”
At the time of the alleged meeting with Ray, Brigadier-General Chingono – an artillery officer -- was the army’s Inspector General. He was the last ZNA officer to train under the America’s International Military Education and Training (IMET) programme, graduating from NDU in 1999.
Major General Satuku – who received his training in England -- was the ZDF Director General for Policy and Personnel.
Labels: CHARLES RAY, CONSTANTINE CHIWENGA, WIKILEAKS
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COMMENT - More propaganda from the BBC - and in an election year too. It were shenanigans like these that got them kicked out of Zimbabwe in the first place. The old BBC had much higher standards of proof and what was reported as fact. But then, this has been going on for a decade now. I completely agree that this is about influencing the Kimberley Process. Zimbabwe has 20% of the world's known diamond deposits, but has to work with a global diamond market that is 90% controlled by Anglo-American De Beers (source: The Diamond Empire). Another fact the BBC leaves out.
BBC panorama: Battle for Zimbabwe’s diamonds
Posted by By Munoda Mararike at 10 August, at 01 : 23 AM Print
I SAT in this sofa last night and watched the much-advertised BBC Panorama Programme on Zimbabwe’s diamond industry called “Mugabe’s Blood Diamonds”. I did not want to be guided by my intrinsic bias, but I thought it appropriate to key in salient points for further debate.
I have reproduced these in point form and would welcome healthy ideas based on critical thinking, meaningful debates and opinions on paramount matters that affect our country.
Content and Context
1. The documentary is not collaborated by the state – there is no input from the state, military and police. Why did the BBC refuse interview that was granted by the Minister of Mines? Why did they not approach the army and the Police, or put them of record as having declined to be interviewed? Why did they not approach the President’s Office? Better still, approach the Prime Minister’s Office on the probity of a functional coalition Government in respect of Zimbabwe’s diamonds?
2. Judging from the responses of the interviewees, those ‘interviewed’ were probably bribed in some other ways or given money. Does one get an impression that the BBC takes advantage of political and socio-economic conditions prevailing in the country to advance a cause that is purpose driven here? How permissible is it to extract information this way? Surely all respondents cannot just be narrating the same themes? People are diverse and ideas are not packed as homogeneous blocks articulating same causes. What is the agenda here?
3. About the dead civilians that are catalogued – there is no evidence that the dead died from army gunshot wounds! Where is the evidence of the ‘dead’ apart from showing pictures of an overgrown graveyard exaggerated as a ‘mass grave’? If this was a well orchestrated Panorama interview, then of course, common sense is that there must be people to support the storyline. There is no co-relation between the dead and those names that were scribbled on an unofficial piece of paper. It would have been credible to show the name(s) of the deceased then collaborate with the hospital authorities (mortuary); and proceed to support the storyline by interviewing the relatives of the dead persons. That is evidence-based than speculative.
Research Methods
4. I am also curious that the documentary was originated from Mozambique – why? The BBC is now allowed and actually based in Zimbabwe at the moment – where, of late they appear to be sitting on their laurels or busy clandestinely doctoring records to justify ‘human rights abuses’? What is the point of totally freezing out the Ministry of Information out of the debate to which they are affiliated? Where is the balance? It was not necessary for the BBC to go to Chiadzwa through Mozambique, unless there was a justified cause. Why would one go through Angola to make a report in Namibia? I get the impression of over-exaggerating security concerns for purposes of imprinting a sense of brutality and intolerance of Zimbabwe as a country?
5. Showing the world a graveyard does not necessarily mean that those buried in it are ‘victims’ of police brutality. They may well have died of other natural causes including AIDS. Again, the aspect of connectivity or a correlation comes to the fore. Why does the BBC blatantly seek to mislead the world in a highly calculated strategy of dirty politics? On another note, showing the world of existence of the so called ‘records of death’ does not mean that they become credible enough for political consumption. Some of the information was stolen from hospitals and re-typed to produce evidence for The Hague. How reliable is such evidence?
Doggy Dossiers
The British press is known for ‘doggy dossiers’; ‘technical inaccuracies’ of figures facts and statistics and ‘sexing up’ documentaries and ‘doctoring’ of documents!
We hear tirades of how the press is manipulated by politicians especially at British Prime Minister’s Questions.
The BBC itself is part of the hugely corrupt web of ‘freedom of press’ candelabrum, where journalists, newspaper owners and reporters bribe the Metropolitan Police to avert prosecution for libelous and criminal reporting!
As I write this note, Scotland Yard bosses resigned over the News of the World phone hacking scandals where the police are alleged to have taken bribes to absolve journalists from prosecution.
It is a sickening world.
6. Why do civilians continue to occupy fields demarcated as ‘protected’ where they remain illegal occupants? Different reasons apply. By way of examples, some may still wonder about what happened to the demonstrators in UK’s Sell fields a few years back? How about at Stanstead Airport? How about at the third runway at Heathrow? How did the military police handle them? Why did the police use button sticks and ammunition on its people in Bradford? Why are the police using high-handed brutal means including live shootings in Tottenham, Enfield, Walthamstow, East Ham, Brixton and Croydon – to name just a few places?
Indeed these are riots triggered by the racist shooting of an innocent black man!
As I write this article, what is happening in Tottenham, a satellite borough of a first world capital, London is worse than what took place in Marange!
Common knowledge is that if an area is designated ‘protected’ by the state, then trespassers will meet the full wrath of the law including imprisonment! Chiyadzwa is protected, and efforts to relocate people are underway. Many of the people who were ‘displaced’ have since been successfully relocated. The area is a lot calmer now and ‘jambanja’ is a thing of the past. Why is this not being accurately reported by the BBC?
The Hague
7. I hear the BBC reporter mentioning ‘The Hague’. What for? Former Liberian president, Charles Taylor’s ghost of imperialist machinations is being reincarnated? We now hear of The Hague and see the desperation of the UK’s quest for greater influence in the management of Zimbabwe’s own diamonds – a new-found wealth! Taylor was ‘punished’ for being an obstruction to the wanton looting of resources in Liberia mainly by imperialist countries, including Britain. Inasmuch as Gaddafi has to pay heavily for the oil and the bombing of the Pan American Jumbo that fell over Lockerbie! Mugabe must fall on their sword for ‘human rights abuses’ including the land question – i.e. land reform programme that saw even the royal family’s land in Zimbabwe being redistributed to landless peasants! This is ‘works in progress’ so to speak.
8. The fact that Commander of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces Constantine Chiwenga went to Chiadzwa does not necessarily mean that he was stage-managing processes of repression as insinuated in the programme. For God’s sake someone must use their reasoning capacity. Why does the BBC now love to mention Chiwenga and Air Force chief, Perence Shiri’s names? Again, a case of building a fortress in their ‘New Zimbabwe’ agenda is well pronounced! To connect this argument: former opposition party of Morgan Tsvangirai, MDC-T is calling for the reforms of Zimbabwe’s security services by citing specific names as ‘problematic’. It cannot be a mere coincidence that the same names are also being touted in BBC’s Panorama Programme!
Atrocities in Iraq
On the other hand, we have lost count of the number of times the British PMs or USA Presidents have been to Iraq. It would be mischievous for one to speculate that they go to Iraq to motivate their soldiers to kill innocent civilians for oil or yet alone label the oil as ‘bloody’! On a related note, we are yet to see a Panorama document fully detailing atrocities being perpetuated in Gaza, Iraq, Afghanistan Northern Ireland and Libya to name a few countries. We saw one about Guantanamo Bay, but to date, no one in authority has repeated putrid statements about it. As a footnote to the foregoing, human rights become a relative term, a lexicon that is applied subjectively and discreetly for power and expedience. We need to watch the use of extreme language and diction dominating this programme.
The reporter used the term ‘serious human rights abuses’ as an emotive term designed to conjure up images of brutality.
She went on to say that ‘our cameras could not stay there long’. Again this denotes situational fear which is often appended to dictatorship and the military junta.
The true reason why cameras had to be moved from a non-existing image was that there was literally nothing to focus on!
But the impact of speculative journalism through the use of diction is used reinforce psychological fear and pressure in calculating the notion of a military state.
Thus, to portray President Mugabe as a dictator is the selling point of regime change or collective international action because ‘Plan A’ of sanctions has failed.
Whose Benefit?
9. Statements that the diamond revenue is not benefitting the ordinary people appear to be insipid and dry! Do we have to, as a country, open our financial books and budget statements to the West for inspection? How we use our financial resources as a country in entirely our own story. Of course they will inspect Botswana books and draft that country’s national budget as they please, but I do not think Zimbabwe is prepared for that. There are so many projects that have now been initiated from diamond sales proceeds.
It is up to the government to disclose the nature of the projects but really, the government is not obliged. After the coalition government was put in place, Zimbabwe’s promised AID never materialised. Zimbabwe has recovered using a combination of robust fiscal measures and macro-economic policies despite some questionable packages and strategies by the finance ministry. We are using the proceeds from diamonds to kick-start and stabilize the economy in different ways. It is only the UK which is too keen and wary of tracking minute events of Zimbabwe’s recovery process. We are not going to ask the reasons for this.
10. A point of correction is the Kimberly Process Certification Scheme (Kimberley Process, or KP) is not in turmoil as suggested. The BBC report is designed to influence the Kimberly Process in terms of making decisions on the resumption of the sale of diamonds. The pressure on the KP is being exerted selectively, privately and publicly at different wavelengths. We saw this drama unfolding as the Panorama is now a tool designed to tip the scales in favour of British interests. This is live drama which the world is now well used to.
What happened on the eve of the election of FIFA’s Blatter? People saw the build up and desperate attempts to persuade voting members into making decisions which Britain really wanted? What happened to the over-drummed corruption case of FIFA? They say that the UK is a scarecrow that relies on its very powerful media and press for world domination. This is very true.
Alternative Markets
11. Britain is at liberty to boycott Zimbabwean diamonds. We have alternative markets. Britain is jealous that it has been isolated by Zimbabwe for too long a time when the world has moved on. It is only unfortunate for our beloved former colony that diamonds were discovered when it was almost irrelevant but significant to our political dispensation. There are contradictions and inherent in capitalist global economies: For example, I hear certain quarters of the MDC alluding to the fact that diamonds must benefit locals. But on the other hand, Britain is against this because they are arrogant, full of rapacity and greed – they want to benefit exclusively from what they think is a ‘loot’ of the day! Britain supports the MDC-T.
Master’s Hymn Book
However, MDC is singing a different song that is not even found in their Master’s hymn book. MDC ‘concurs’ with Zanu–PF by parroting that there is ‘no reverse to land reform’; but Britain wants the whole project cancelled and are prepared to ‘fund for proper land reform’. Thus, it becomes an anathema if British interests are totally marginalized, and therefore, a project is not good enough! The British culture of pursuing protracted agenda under the banner of the Empire is what keeps them on the pedestal of dominance and patronage! Truly liberated Zimbabwean compatriots find this approach rather archaic and deprecating!
12. Concoctions about who is personally benefiting from Diamonds are downright insidious and malicious. It is like perpetuating a storyline that the grand mansion that sprawl over literally the whole mountain in Highlands for Prime Minister Tsvangirai is being built from the proceeds of diamonds! It is equally unqualified to speculate that even MDC-T MPs’s pick-up trucks are a product of Marange? Hei! There is no evidence that President Robert Mugabe is personally benefitting from the diamonds – the British are paranoid and afraid of Mugabe! Inzwai, Bona is not going to school using Marange diamonds!
Social research methods call for enquiries that are based on scientific and ethical methods of extracting information through evidence-based practice. Paying inducements to ‘interviewees’ to release certain information is all but a good way of distorting findings. The halo effect is possible! Whatever the situation, the BBC must hang their heads in shame for producing such a one-sided, ill-researched, half-backed documentary for the world to see!
*Munoda Mararike can be contacted via munoda.mararike09@my.northampton.ac.uk
Labels: BBC, BRIBERY, CHIADZWA, CONSTANTINE CHIWENGA, DIAMONDS, MARANGE DIAMOND FIELDS, PERENCE SHIRI, PROPAGANDA
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When Tsvangirai met Chiwenga
09/08/2011 00:00:00
by Staff Reporter
IF ORGANISERS of the Defence Forces Day celebrations at the National Sports Stadium on Tuesday wanted Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai to feel welcome at the event, then they certainly chose a peculiar way to show it.
The MDC-T leader, accused by his ruling coalition partner President Robert Mugabe of being a “demon-possessed puppet” of the West just a day earlier, looked ill at ease as he sat next to defence forces chief, General Constantine Chiwenga.
For a few minutes the two men sat stone-faced, Chiwenga spotting a face like thunder while Tsvangirai looked away, hand on head.
The combustible atmosphere only eased somewhat when Defence Forces Minister, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who conveniently arrived late, thankfully bridged the gulf by taking his seat between the two.
Adding to the tension would have been Tsvangirai’s accusations, also made on Monday, that the army was “brutalising” villagers in the countryside.
Still, the Prime Minister was favoured with a handshake by national army commander Phillip Sibanda which fell far short of the salute Tsvangirai’s aides believe is his due.
Mugabe, who lashed the MDC-T leader during Heroes Day celebrations which he boycotted on Monday, showed little of the venom as the two men shook hands and spoke briefly.
The MDC-T is pushing for so-called security sector reforms, accusing the service chiefs of human rights abuses and subverting electoral processes to ensure Mugabe and his Zanu PF party remain in power.
Labels: ARMED FORCES, CONSTANTINE CHIWENGA, MORGAN TSVANGIRAI
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President will win run-off poll hands down: Chiwenga
Herald Reporter
Zimbabwe Defence Forces Commander General Constantine Chiwenga has predicted a resounding win for President Mugabe in Friday’s historic presidential run-off. The ZDF Commander said Zimbabwe would have no apologies to make to any "house nigger" and puppets of the British after President Mugabe’s victory. Speaking at a reception he held for his Namibian counterpart on Saturday night, Lieutenant-General Martin Shalli, Gen Chiwenga said a lot of blood was shed during the bitter armed struggle to free Zimbabwe and the gains should never be reversed.
"Our comrade, Defence Forces chief, our leader President Mugabe and comrade-in-arms will romp to victory. We say so because we have no apology to make to any house nigger and puppets," Gen Chiwenga said.
"So much blood was shed and this has to be known by every Zimbabwean."
Gen Chiwenga said Zimbabwe’s interests came first ahead of anything else and the heritage and legacy left by the country’s ancestors should never be given away.
He said the March 29 harmonised elections were marred by serious fraud masterminded by some Zimbabwe Electoral Commission officials sympathetic to the opposition.
Several election officials have been arrested and some convicted of fraud and tampering with ballots during the March elections.
Gen Chiwenga said the visit by Lt-Gen Shalli had rekindled the spirit of the liberation struggle.
"Your visit has been long awaited and anticipated. We are happy as ZDF. This is a meeting of friends and comrades-in-arms, former liberation fighters who now are still alive remembering those who sacrificed their lives for our two countries — Namibia and Zimbabwe."
He said the two nations should remain united and further strengthen the strong ties and defend the heroic sacrifices made during their liberation struggles.
"We hope and pray that this momentum we have established will be propelled to greater heights."
In response, Lt-Gen Shalli said Zimbabwean and Namibian forces should continue to cherish, enhance and explore new areas of co-operation.
"We are here to strengthen the excellent relations between the two forces and continue to explore many new areas of co-operation," Lt-Gen Shalli said.
He said security forces in Sadc should work together for the development of the region and condemned the attacks on fellow Africans in South Africa which erupted last month.
"As a region, we are looking forward to regional integration. I still have hope that it will be the case, but there are things we have to do (such as to) educate our people. The xenophobic attacks in South Africa are a result of a lack of education," he said.
He said the violent attacks might have appeared like a small occurrence, they were a big regional security threat that needs to be addressed.
Lt-Gen Shalli, who was accompanied by his wife and four other senior officials, had an opportunity to tour the majestic Victoria Falls.
The Namibian delegation left Zimbabwe for Namibia yesterday morning at the end of their four-day visit.
Labels: CONSTANTINE CHIWENGA, ELECTIONS
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