Ndebele penetrates Mashonaland Central
30/10/2011 00:00:00
by Edwin Mwase I Sunday Mail
“Sikhona, linjani bantwana?” we answered. “Thina siyaphila,” they replied, before sitting down.
One could have been forgiven for thinking that we were in the heart of Matabeleland, but this is Mashonaland Central where Ndebele has been introduced as part of the school curriculum. Pupils at Umvukwesi are breaking the language barriers to unify Zimbabwe.
The idea of introducing national languages across the board was first mooted by education officials in Mashonaland Central before being put on the debate table by the Education Ministry.
Umvukwesi Primary School has set the ball rolling as a pilot project.
“We found it rational to introduce it as a communicable language first in 2001. The emphasis was placed on the national spectrum in that communication would be made easier,” said the headmaster of Umvukwesi, Andrew Taruvinga.
“We thought that the language might be of use, in case the children might find themselves in Ndebele-speaking regions, thus they will be able to apply the basics of the language,” he added.
Taruvinga said the whole school, which comprises more than 450 pupils, was now able to read and write isiNdebele.
To test his assertion, the headmaster took us to a Grade One class where two pupils picked at random showed their new language skill.
“Igama lami nguRopafadzo Mukwati, ngivela emaphandleni eShamva (My name is Ropafadzo Mukwati, I come from Shamva),” said a seven-year-old.
“Namhla kuyatshisa, engxenye izulu lingana (Today it is hot, maybe it will rain),” added another seven-year-old boy who wanted to show his proficiency in the language.
Taruvinga is proud of the legacy his school is creating.
He said: “Impressed by the enthusiasm displayed by the kids, the Ndebele community in the surrounding areas have come en masse to help in the setting and moderation of the subject.
“The problem was that supervisors from the district and the province are Shona speakers who were hitting a brick wall in as far as supervision of the subject is concerned viz-a-vis the curricula and the syllabi.”
Taruvinga said they had now set their target on grasping the concept before the first class can sit the Grade Seven national examinations in the not-too-distant future.
Taruvinga said the other major obstacle they were facing was the shortage of Ndebele teaching resources.
“The whole school of more than 12 classes is being catered for by only two teachers who are finding it hard to cope with the increasing demands of the subject,” he said.
Taruvinga added that the children are showing a lot of excitement and enthusiasm about the subject.
“It’s amazing that you find the pupils using the Ndebele language everywhere, whether it’s on the playing fields or in the school corridors. They are now just proud of the language,” he said.
Nancy Mudiwa, the District Education Officer for the Mvurwi area, concurred with the headmaster on the need to augment the available resources.
“Emphasis should be put on widening the obtaining resource base like increasing Ndebele teaching staff and buying more textbooks before the subject can be transformed from being communicable to examinable,” she said.
Mudiwa said more schools in the region were now clamouring for the subject after witnessing the successful Umvukwesi Primary School pilot project.
“Issues pertaining to the sound administration of the subject must first be addressed before the subject can be offered to other schools,” she said.
Progressive Teachers’ Union of Zimbabwe secretary-general Raymond Majongwe said the idea was a brilliant move which must be applauded by all.
“I would want to believe that pupils must be able to converse in all the recognised languages in this country so that we may become one,” he said.
“We should not become foreign in our land and I would want to pray for a situation where Tonga is taught in Manicaland, Kalanga in Masvingo and Venda in Mashonaland,” said Majongwe.
Walter Vengesai, a linguistics expert formerly with the Midlands State University, said students from Mashonaland Central should be applauded for piloting the Ndebele project as language plays a significant role in unifying a nation.
He said: “Language is a major vehicle for fomenting conflicts or uniting people all over the world. A considerable number of tribal and genocidal conflicts have been caused by differences mainly in language, so the universality of language plays a significant role in uniting people.
“Language difference has been used by merchants of tribalism as a means of identifying the perceived enemy, so the future generation has actually shamed those who harboured fuelling tribal conflicts in future as it will be difficult to identify enemies or foes through the use of language.”
Labels: MDC TRIBALISM, NDEBELE, TRIBALISM
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Mugabe has Ndebele roots: Mudenge
by Lunga Sibanda
20/11/2010 00:00:00
PRESIDENT Robert Mugabe has Ndebele ancestry as his grandfather served King Lobengula, historian and Higher Education Minister Stan Mudenge claims.
Speaking at the Lupane State University’s inaugural graduation ceremony on Thursday, Minister Mudenge said the President had fascinating roots in Matabeleland that are not always known to the general public.
“His grandfather, a strong powerful figure, was in the service of King Lobengula in the 19th Century, during which he acquired and absorbed the Ndebele culture and language,” said Mudenge.
He said when the President’s grandfather returned to Zvimba, Mashonaland West, the colonial native commissioners -- noting his Ndebele cultural traits -- began calling him “Matibili,” the colonialists’ pronunciation of Matebele.
“In time, Matibili was Shonalised to ‘Matibiri’ because Shonas substitute ‘l’ with ‘r’,” he said.
Tracing the President’s lineage, Mudenge said the President’s father was the son of Constantine Karigamombe, alias “Matibiri.”
“Therefore, the President belongs the Matibiri Karigamombe house in Zvimba,” Dr Mudenge said.
He said President Mugabe’s father, Gabriel Mugabe Matibiri, went to work in Bulawayo, where he married his second wife, a Ndebele girl, mother to some of the President’s siblings, who had both Shona and Ndebele blood.
“As a young teacher, the President taught at Empandeni Mission and Hope Fountain Mission. It is at the latter institution that he taught, among others, Governor Angeline Masuku and Mrs Thenjiwe Lesabe, then the head girl,” he said.
Mugabe is reviled in Matabeleland where rights groups say 20,000 people were killed on his orders after Zimbabwe’s independence from colonial rule in 1980.
Labels: NDEBELE, ROBERT MUGABE, STAN MUDENGE
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'Heir to Ndebele throne is found'
by Staff Reporters
22/03/2010 00:00:00
THE heir apparent to the Ndebele Kingdom is safe and well in northern South Africa, according to shock new research.
History enthusiast Colls Ndlovu, who is researching a book, claims to have also found the grave of Nkulumane, the first son of King Mzilikazi, who had a brief reign as Ndebele King and has long been thought to have been killed on the orders of his father.
Ngwalongwalo Mzilikazi Khumalo, born on March 13, 1938, told Ndlovu his father, Ndlundluluza Mzilikazi Khumalo, was the son of King Nkulumane.
Nkulumane was installed as King when he became separated from his father who led his tribe from Zululand across the Limpopo River into modern day Zimbabwe in 1838. Mzilikazi’s journey took him to Botswana, where he remained for many years while the group led by Nkulumane settled in Bulawayo.
The group led by Nkulumane gave up the King for dead and hailed his young heir as successor. On his reappearance, Mzilikazi asserted control. Accounts of what followed differ, but it is generally accepted that Mzilikazi ordered Nkulumane to be taken back to Zululand, although another opinion says Nkulumane was executed along with dozens of chiefs who installed him in what is known as Ntabazinduna, just outside Bulawayo.
Mzilikazi died in 1868, and according to the Dictionary of African Historical Biography, he never revealed Nkulumane’s fate “nor did he designate another heir”.
Lobengula was installed as King in 1870 after a delegation he sent to KwaZulu-Natal to look for his half-brother, Nkulumane, searched for a year and could not find him. His ascent to the throne was unpopular with some of Mzilikazi’s decorated troops, notably Mbiko Masuku, who led an uprising which was violently crushed.
Ndlovu was researching a book on ‘The Assassination of King Lobengula’, the last Ndebele King who is believed to have died in 1893, when he stumbled on the tantalising findings.
His research took him to the Phokeng township just outside Rustenburg, in the North West Province of South Africa, where he met Ngwalongwalo, who claims to be a third generation Prince and direct descendent to King Nkulumane.
Ndlovu told New Zimbabwe.com from South Africa on Monday: “This is an exciting moment for the Ndebele people and indeed all Zimbabweans. History is being rewritten ... a lot of what we have been told about our history is being proved to be fiction.
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“We are now learning about the richness of our culture, and the umbilical link between our people and Zululand.
“We have found Nkulumane’s grave, and found his grandson, our King.”
According to Ndlovu, Ngwalongwalo is “more than ready to go to Zimbabwe” if “his people come forward and ask him to, but he is not going to impose himself. He has not pushed it.”
“His house is within a kilometre from King Nkulumane’s grave, and close to the Royal Bafokeng Palace in Phokeng. The area is known as Nkulumane Park and the people who live there speak Ndebele fluently, including Ngwalongwalo. They call him ‘inkosi yamaNdebele’.”
Discovery ... Colls Ndlovu (left) with a man identified only as George, who says he tends
to a grave believed to be that of Ndebele King Nkulumane
Ndlovu’s findings appeared to immediately trigger-off a potential power struggle with King Lobengula’s descendents who say the findings, if true, are only of “theoretical interest” and have no significance on any future plans to revive the Kingdom and install a King.
Lobengula’s descendents say because Nkulumane could not be found to take over when King Mzilikazi died in 1868, the crown moved from Nkulumane’s lineage and to the Lobengula clan. Nkulumane and Lobengula had different mothers, the former’s mum, MaNxumalo, considered the senior wife.
Prince Zwide kaLanga Peter Khumalo, who says he is a fifth generation descendent to Mzilikazi, on the Lobengula side, said: “A grave on its own doesn’t authenticate that it is Nkulumane buried there.
“The whites attempted once to set up a decoy in South Africa to pretend it was Nkulumane returning to take over the throne here, it could easily be the grave of that person.
“We need more evidence.”
He said his family would take an interest in the matter “purely from a historical point of view”.
Prince Khumalo added: “There is no thought in the family to prove it beyond technical doubt. Exhuming the body and checking the DNA is culturally not something we are willing to do. We can’t be digging up graves.”
The Prince, who fronted the construction of Old Bulawayo – a restoration of King Mzilikazi’s last royal residence – said the “royal structure moved on from Mzilikazi to Lobengula according to the King’s wishes” and any future monarch would “not go back to Nkulumane.”
He added: “Researchers should not create Kings. In any case, the account of what has been found as you describe is full of factual dislocations.
“If Lobengula became King, he was not a half King. Nkulumane was cursed by his own father. The issue of descendents of Nkulumane does not arise anymore.
“King Lobengula’s children are known, and the descendents of those children are known, here and in South Africa. They are not mysterious. So if ever the Ndebele people woke up tomorrow and said ‘we want a King’, it has to be resurrected where it ended – and that is from King Lobengula and his descendents.”
Ndlovu says his interest is not to see the revival of the Ndebele kingdom but testing some accepted legends about Ndebele royalty, in particular the “disappearance” of Lobengula in 1893.
“We have generally been told that the King disappeared. I will in my book prove that he was sacrilegiously assassinated by the forces of the colonising company. Dr Leander Star Jameson, a colonial army enforcer, immediately set out on his ill-fated Jameson Raid into the North West part of the Transvaal areas.
“Our suspicion was that perhaps Dr Jameson had Prince Nkulumane in mind, now that Lobengula was dead. So we decided to intensify our research in that area of the North West.”
Ndlovu said he was “pleasantly surprised” to discover Nkulumane’s grave which he says will dispel “myths” that he was put to death on the orders of his father, King Mzilikazi.
“It turns out Mzilikazi asked a full regiment to accompany Nkulumane back to Zululand. On his way there, he passed through the Rustenburg area, among the Sotho people, and stayed for sometime.
“As he was about to proceed with his journey south, the tribe was attacked, and Nkulumane rallied his forces and defeated the invading forces. Then the Bafokeng King said ‘stay here, and you will be protecting us and enable the survival of our nation’. He settled there, got married to MaNdiweni and had a family, and a son named Ndlundluluza Mzilikazi."
A group of MPs from Matabeleland were said this week to be meeting chiefs from the area and the Khumalo family to probe Ndlovu's findings.
Labels: CHIEFS, NDEBELE
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