‘Stop coups in Africa’
Sunday, 27 January 2013 00:00
Mabasa Sasa in Addis Ababa
The African Union should sanction any countries where unconstitutional power transfers occur, Foreign Ministers from across the continent have said. Since the 1950s, there have been at least 85 coups or attempted coups in Africa — many of them in the same countries — as states continuously fail to put in place constitutional structures and institutions that guarantee peaceful power transfers.
While the number of coups has slowed down since the 1980s, the rate at which coups occur remains a major development challenge in many African countries.
In just the past 10 years, there have been coups or coup attempts in the Central African Republic (2003), Chad (2004), Equatorial Guinea (2004), Mauritania (2005), Chad (2006), Madagascar (2006), Guinea-Conakry (2008), Mauritania (2008), Madagascar (2009), Niger (2010), Guinea-Bissau (2010), the DRC (2011), Niger (2011), Guinea-Bissau (2011), Libya (2011), Egypt (2011), Tunisia (2011), Mali (2012) and Guinea-Bissau (2012).
That is nearly two coups or coup attempts per year over the past decade.
This is despite there being the Lome and Algiers Declarations that empower the African Union to sanction countries in which such power transfers occur, often at the great loss of human life and much infrastructure and economic damage.
African Foreign Affairs Ministers now want to stop that by asking the AU Heads of State and Government to amend the two declarations.
They said this at their meeting under the banner of the Executive Council of the AU in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, last Thursday.
The meeting was held ahead of the 20th Summit of AU leaders, the same Heads of State who the Foreign Ministers want to get tough on the issue of coups.
Chair of the Executive Council Minister Nassirou Bako Arifari of Benin said under the Lome and the Algiers Declarations, the AU could impose sanctions that include trade restrictions.
“We need the amendments to the protocol to criminalise coups. We also need a model law on universal jurisdiction on international crimes,” Minister Arifari said.
Addressing the Executive Council, AU Commission Chair Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma emphasised that there could be no development without stability.
“The persistence and re-emergence of old conflicts and the development of new threats to security continues to require our urgent and focused attention and, in particular, understanding and addressing the root causes of conflicts.
“To this end, amongst other things we must do, is to accelerate the operationalisation of the Africa Standby Force, so that the continent has the capacity for rapid response, when the situation requires.”
Labels: COUP, NKOSAZANAA DLAMINI ZUMA
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Dlamini-Zuma: AU must build bridges (and roads and railways)
29 Jul 2012 18:34 - Sapa
A lack of infrastructure development is the biggest challenge facing Africa, says newly elected AU Commission chair Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma.
Addressing a gathering of representatives of the Progessive Women's Movement of South Africa in Pretoria on Sunday, Dlamini-Zuma said the African Union's vision of more integration could only be reached if infrastructure on the continent was drastically improved.
"How do we connect ourselves?" she asked, pointing out that transport and communication links were not doing enough to connect countries with each other.
She said there could be no integration, as envisaged by the AU, unless there was proper infrastructure linking the African countries.
Dlamini-Zuma also said she thought integration would be further helped by the Pan African Parliament (PAP) becoming a legislative body which would "harmonise legislation" across the continent.
But integration could not be successfully achieved if peace was not achieved on the continent.
"How do you build a railway in the middle of a war[zone]?"
She said that while the continent had many challenges it also had many opportunities of which it needed to take advantage, and enormous agricultural, energy and human resource potential.
"The challenge, is how to use them for the benefit of Africa."
Speaking about her appointment, she said: "When I go there, I will be working as a servant of Africa and not South Africa."
She said the direction that the AU took would need to be determined with the involvement of its citizens and not its governments alone.
"If it's left to government, it's not going to go anywhere fast."
The Progessive Women's Movement of South Africa is made up of various women's organisations including the ANC Women's League. – Sapa
Labels: AU, NKOSAZANAA DLAMINI ZUMA
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Zuma hails election of ex-wife as AU Commission head
By Mwala Kalaluka in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Tue 17 July 2012, 14:00 CAT
SOUTH African President Jacob Zuma says Africa has done the right thing to elect his former wife, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, as the first woman to head the African Union Commission.
And delegates to the 19th AU Summit in Addis Ababa on Sunday night blocked the two main entrances to the large conference hall at the AU headquarters to catch a glimpse of Dr Dlamini-Zuma but in vain.
The secret ballot for the AU Commission chairperson started at around 17:45 Ethiopian time 16:45 Zambian time inside the plenary hall, with AU chairperson President BoniYayi of Benin declaring that the 1 + 1 rule would apply.
The rule implied that only two delegates from each country could be present during the voting where Zambian President Michael Sata was represented by foreign affairs minister Given Lubinda.
Sources said several delegates that rushed into the Assembly Hall thinking they were going to witness the voting process left the auditorium to wait in the lobby outside for hours following the application of the 1+1 rule.
At around 20:00 hours local time, information started filtering through that Dr Dlamini-Zuma, South Africa's interior minister, had edged the incumbent, Gabon's Dr Jean Ping in the first round but that neither could marshal the required tally.
Out of 54 countries, only 51 cast their ballots in the election, where Dr Dlamini-Zuma also got pole position in the second and third round but again without obtaining the 34 votes required to claim victory.
As per procedure, Dr Ping, who recently accused South Africa of undermining his re-election bid through fabrication of lies, withdrew from the contest to allow Dr Dlamini-Zuma go it alone and she won with a tally of 37 votes, above the required threshold.
In the first round, Dr Dlamini-Zuma polled 27 votes to Dr Ping's 24 votes. In the second round of voting, Dr Dlamini-Zuma got 29 votes to Dr Ping's 22 and in the third round, she polled 33 votes to Dr Ping's 18 votes.
By 22:30 local time, delegates and journalists had already gotten the outcome of the heated election taking place behind closed doors and they converged at the AU's main conference entrances awaiting Dr Dlamini-Zuma's emergence but to no avail.
However, the Ethiopian AU security detail cordoned off the excited crowd at both vantages and the security was intensified when the African leaders started leaving the conference hall through the VIP exit into the Presidential holding room or to their hotels.
President Zuma said in an interview before proceeding into the Presidential holding room that Africa was happy with what had taken place in Addis Ababa that day.
"It is also empowerment of women for your information. For the first time you have a lady leading the AU Commission," said an elated President Zuma who lobbied intensely for his former wife. "It's absolutely correct and I think the AU has done the right thing. Very good, I think not only Southern Africa is happy but the whole of Africa is happy."
Ivorian President Alassane Quatarra described the elections as democratic while Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe said he was happy that it was now time for Southern Africa.
"Yes, of course, SADC," said President Mugabe as he made his way through the people.
Rwandese President Paul Kagame described his feelings in two words:
"Very happy." But Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki skirted away from the media while his Ugandan counterpart Yoweri Museveni also declined to comment.
President Yayi expressed his felicitations by congratulating Dr Dlamini-Zuma for winning what he called a very important election for Africa.
Election of other AU Commissioners was rescheduled to yesterday but Kenya's Erastus Mwencha retained his position as AU Commission deputy chairperson.
A seemingly relieved Mwencha told The Post when asked to comment on the outcome of the election that he would give interviews later.
The election was seen as a battle of supremacy between the predominantly English-speaking Southern Africa and predominantly French-speaking West Africa, particularly between South Africa and Nigeria.
Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan who featured prominently at the last AU Summit in Addis Ababa in January was absent this time around.Labels: AU, JACOB ZUMA, NKOSAZANAA DLAMINI ZUMA
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Zuma, Ping square up at AU meeting
Sunday, 15 July 2012 00:11
Caesar Zvayi in ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia
President Mugabe joined 14 other heads of state and government for the African Union’s Peace and Security Council meeting that convened here yesterday to deliberate on ways of resolving conflicts afflicting the continent.
Zimbabwe is one of the three Sadc members in the powerful 15-member PSC, the only AU organ tasked with enforcing union decisions. Modelled along the lines of the United Nations Security Council, the PSC makes recommendations to full Summit, which then makes final decisions to be enforced by the PSC.
Top of the agenda was the situation in Mali that recently underwent a coup and where rebels, reportedly moving south from Libya, are clashing with the Malian army. A source close to the deliberations said on Mali four principles were upheld, namely the inviolability of the country’s territorial integrity with the leaders dismissing plans for a breakaway state, saying the continent was divided enough by colonialism and new boundaries will not be countenanced.
The second principle was the creation of an inclusive government to foster a sense of involvement and participation among the protagonists.
Third was the establishment of representative institutions in the wake of the illegal regime change that occurred. Fourth, negotiations, but only with rebel elements not linked to acts of terror ravaging the region.
The PSC also resolved to move towards stemming the scourge of organised crime like drug trafficking, and the opening up of humanitarian corridors to assist refugees.
The Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) was reportedly pushing for a military option against Mali amid resistance from the PSC in the wake of overtures from Paris that time was ripe to move in with analysts, saying France was relishing another Cote d’Ivoire after successfully deposing Laurent Gbagbo, who dared violate the Francophone colonial pact.
Said the source: “One president, in fact, told summit that the current thrust was towards re-integration. As such, secession would be a step backwards . . . The general tone was one of anxiety that it is not just an issue of Mali but the breakdown of security in the Sahel region traceable to the instability that occurred in Libya.’’ On Sudan, the source said the PSC received a briefing from former South African president Cde Thabo Mbeki, who told the meeting that peace was holding as there was general agreement between Khartoum and Juba that the conflict was mutually destructive.
The PSC recommended that Sudan and its southern neighbour should evolve a relationship that makes them peaceful and viable neighbours.
The conflict between the two countries centres on blurred border demarcations manifest in contested territories like Abyei and Higlig, and the sharing of oil revenue.
‘‘Sudan was bitter about the occupation of Higlig, but acknowledged that there has been a pullout on the part of Southern Sudan. South Sudan President Salvar Kiir
Mayardit emphasised his commitment to unconditional peace, saying this did not mean his country did not have outstanding issues,’’ said the source.
Optimism, the source said, was also borne by a briefing by host premier Meles Zenawi who chairs IGAD and the overall direction of the Sudan peace process was described as auspicious.
The PSC’s recommendations will be presented to the Ordinary Session of Heads of State and Government that opens here today. Apart from receiving and deliberating on the PSC report, the 19th Ordinary Session is expected to be seized with choosing the AU Commission chair in the wake of the deadlock that characterised the 19th Ordinary Session earlier this year when none of the candidates — incumbent Jean Ping and Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma of South Africa — garnered the required two-thirds majority.
Labels: AU, JACOB ZUMA, JEAN PING, NKOSAZANAA DLAMINI ZUMA
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Dlamini-Zuma to head African Union
SOUTH African diplomat and doctor Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma was elected on Sunday to become the first female head of the African Union Commission, ending a bruising leadership battle that had threatened to divide the organization.
Dlamini-Zuma, South Africa’s home affairs minister and an ex-wife of President Jacob Zuma, defeated incumbent Jean Ping of Gabon, who had been at the helm of the Commission, the AU’s steering body, since 2008.
Dlamini-Zuma, a 63-year-old who has previously served as minister of health and foreign affairs, had to undergo three voting rounds before Ping, 69, was finally eliminated.
A final confidence vote of 37 in favour gave her the 60 percent majority she needed to be elected.
The contest to head the Commission of the 54-member AU had been deadlocked since last year.
It pitted French-speaking states, largely backing Ping, against mostly English-speaking countries, especially in southern Africa, which gave their support to Dlamini-Zuma.
The feverish impasse over the candidates had persisted through a summit of AU heads of state held in Addis Ababa at the weekend.
It prompted the AU’s rotating chairperson, Benin President Boni Yayi, to warn that failure by the continental body to resolve the leadership deadlock would divide it and undermine its credibility in the world.
Critics say the AU showed itself hesitant and slow-moving in its response to the conflicts last year in Libya and Ivory Coast, allowing Western governments to take lead roles.
Reuters/TZG
Labels: AU, JEAN PING, NKOSAZANAA DLAMINI ZUMA
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COMMENT - Hmmm... odd that the only thing that made it into the 'liberal' pro-DA, pro-MDC Mail & Guardian, was President Kaunda's statement that 'two wrongs don't make a right'. Not that land reform is a very serious issue in South Africa (where colonial and apartheid governments hoarded 87% of the country for now 10% of the population). President Kaunda on land reform and Zimbabwe. Here's the math: there are 50 million South Africans, and 45 million are supposed to live on 13% of the land surface, while 5 million retain 87% of the country?
KK steals limelight at ANC dinner
By Chibaula Silwamba Mangaung, South Africa
Mon 09 Jan. 2012, 13:59 CAT
DR Kenneth Kaunda stole the limelight at South Africa's governing African National Congress centenary celebrations dinner with rapturous ovation from dignitaries, including about 14 heads of state that chanted: "KK! KK! KK!"
Immediately African Union (AU) commission chairperson candidate Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, who was a co-director of ceremonies, called on "our father and guardian fondly known as KK" to go to the podium to address the gathering, the delegates spontaneously burst into pro-Kaunda chants, as the former Zambian leader trotted to the stage.
The chants drowned all the previous speakers as all heads of state, former presidents, foreign dignitaries and locals alike stood up and started singing.
"KK! KK! KK! Our father!" the crowd chanted while clapping. Dr Kaunda could not resist the chants and joined in and started singing his famous liberation struggle song: "Tiyende pamodzi ndi mutima unomodzi." Let us move together with one heart".
Dr Kaunda chanted: "One South Africa!" while the audience responded: "One nation!"
In his address which was punctuated with songs and chants, Dr Kaunda urged President Jacob Zuma to discuss with white South Africans about the land issue.
"Comrade President, the many problems you face so many other former colonial countries don't face. I have in mind in particular the problem of land; it's a serious problem. We are very proud of what you are doing. That reminds me of Zimbabwe," Dr Kaunda said.
"That British woman former prime minister Margaret Thatcher listened to Robert Gabriel Mugabe about the problems of land in Zimbabwe. Margaret Thatcher together with Robert Gabriel Mugabe worked out a programme and that was going to be very well for Zimbabwe. Unfortunately, Margaret Thatcher lost to Labour Party, people I consider our friends, our colleagues, our comrades, socialists, their Commonwealth Secretary destroyed what Robert Mugabe and Margaret Thatcher had agreed to do for Zimbabwe."
He as a result of the Labour Party's conduct, President Mugabe was in trouble.
"That is why I keep saying, ‘don't demonise Mugabe over what has been taking place in Zimbabwe because that problem was created by the social Labour Party'. Mugabe is still going through some problems. To comrade Zuma, I am saying ‘please continue. You have more serious problems than any of us in your hand, land question mark'," Dr Kaunda said.
"I am saying to the young people of South Africa, ‘please remember, two wrongs can never make a right'. Discuss with the white leaders in South Africa about the problem of land. Let them know what is taking place elsewhere in other countries, let them know that the situation here is very serious but they and black people of South Africa should remember that ‘two wrongs never make a right' anywhere on earth."
He called for peace in the world.
"God taught us, whether we are Hindus, Muslims, Christians or whatever, ‘love God your Creator with all your heart, all your soul, all your mind, with all your strength.' Love your neighbour as you love yourself. Do unto others as you would love them to do unto you. Wonderful commandments! Where these are obeyed, there is genuine peace. Where they are not obeyed, there is chaos," Dr Kaunda said.
"Egypt should have been here but there are problems there. Libya, Gaddafi is gone, Tunisia, Syria and so many other small countries in the Middle East, where people are pointing fingers at each other, saying, ‘because of your colour you are very stupid' like the Boers did here. These three fingers were pointing at them that, ‘you Boers are three times as stupid'."
He urged people not to point blaming fingers at others but learn to discuss to iron out differences.
He called for the respect of humanity.
"Comrade Zuma, continue to lead us and we are proud of what you doing," Dr Kaunda said.
"Thank you for this wonderful occasion when you bring us all together to come and say to the people of South Africa and all those who supported them to ‘thank you for a job so well done!'"
He noted that South Africans had gone through many difficult times.
Dr Kaunda urged South Africans to combat poverty and HIV and AIDS.
"Today, as we say South Africa is independent, anyway there are many other problems which you face. We have to fight poverty and all its offshoots of hunger, ignorance, disease, crime, corruption and above all exploitation of one man by another. This is common to all countries, which once upon a time were colonised," said Dr Kaunda.
"We have now an added problem to fight HIV and AIDS. That reminds me of that great son of Africa, Kwame Nkrumah, the song he sang, ‘sons of Africa raise and fight. We shall fight and conquer AIDS'."
Among Presidents present were Hifikepunye Pohamba (Namibia), Yoweri Museveni(Uganda), Bingu wa Mutharika (Malawi), Paul Kagame (Rwanda), Mahmoud Abbas (Palestine), Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (Equatorial Guinea), Andry Rajoelina (Madagascar).
Thomas Yaya Boni (Benin), Mahamadou Issoufou (Niger), James Alix Michel (Seychelles), Michael Sata (Zambia), Mohamed Ould Abdel Azizi (Mauritanian), Armando Guebuza (Mozambique), Manuel Pinto da Costa (Sao Tome and Principe) while President Mugabe was represented by his Vice-President Joyce Mujuru.
Other leaders were Kenyan Prime Minister Raila Odinga, Kenya's Vice-President Kalonzo Musyoka, Kenya's Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta and Swaziland Prime Minister Sibusiso Dlamini,.
Former presidents present were Jerry Rawlings (Ghana), Benjamin Mukapa (Tanzania), Sir Ketumile Masire (Botswana) and Thabo Mbeki (South Africa) while Nelson Mandela was absent.
ANC, the liberation movement that was headquartered in Lusaka for many years until the early 1990s, formed government in 1994 when its leader Nelson Mandela became South Africa's first black president at the end of the brutal apartheid rule.
The ANC, initially called the South African Native National Congress (SANNC), was founded on January 8, 1912 in Bloemfontein now called Mangaung in Free State Province to increase the rights of the black South African population.
Labels: ANC, JACOB ZUMA, KENNETH KAUNDA, LAND REFORM, MARGARET THATCHER, NKOSAZANAA DLAMINI ZUMA
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Dlamini-Zuma in Zim for joint co-operation meeting
Sapa/TZG
Mon, 16 Mar 2009 01:00:00 +0000
SOUTH AFRICAN Foreign Minister Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma arrived in Zimbabwe on Sunday ahead of a joint meeting between the two countries, the South African government said in a statement.
Dlamini-Zuma and Zimbabwean foreign affairs minister Simbarashe Mumbengegwi will chair the scheduled meeting of the SA-Zimbabwe joint permanent commission for co-operation (JPCC) when it begins in the resort town of Victoria Falls on Monday.
Others in the South African delegation are the ministers of safety and security Mandisi Mpahlwa; home affairs Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, land affairs Lulu Xingwana and health Barbara Hogan.
Directors-general of foreign affairs and minerals and energy Ayanda Ntsaluba and Sandile Nogxina would also be present.
Besides adjusting to a new administration and grieving the death last week of prime minister Morgan Tsvangirai's wife Susan, Zimbabwe also has to keep a cholera epidemic under control, while South Africa ponders what to do about the reported millions of economic migrants seeking opportunities in the country.
The ministerial session, which began on Saturday and will end on Sunday, focused on a review of existing bilateral political, economic and trade relations between the two countries; social and humanitarian matters which include co-operation in health, public service administration; and labour and arts and culture.
It would also discuss migration matters; trade, finance and investment; energy and mining; environment and tourism; agriculture; transport and communications; preparations for the forthcoming Confederations Cup and the Fifa 2010 World Cup and identifying possible other projects.
"South Africa's participation in the third session of the JPCC comes within the context of her commitment to consolidate bilateral political, economic and trade relations with Zimbabwe while assisting the people of Zimbabwe in their path towards national reconciliation, reconstruction and development as well as economic recovery," a communique read.
Bilateral relations between the two countries remain cordial, and Zimbabwe remains a major trading partner with South Africa, the department said.
- Sapa/TZG
Labels: JPCC, NKOSAZANAA DLAMINI ZUMA
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S.Africa, Bulgaria discuss Zimbabwe sanctions
BuaNews/TZG
Fri, 13 Feb 2009 16:26:00 +0000
THE issue of Zimbabwe, in particular the lifting of sanctions imposed by the European Union, emerged in discussions between South Africa's Foreign Affairs Minister, Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma and the Bulgarian Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ivaylo Kalfin on Friday.
Dlamini Zuma hosted Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Kalfin for bilateral political, economic and trade discussions at the Presidential Guesthouse in Pretoria.
The visit is within the context of South Africa's priority to consolidate bilateral political, economic and trade relations with the European Union of which Bulgaria is a new member, with a view to strengthening North-South co-operation.
" ....As you know, the European Union works collectively. We did suggest it would be good if Minister Kalfin could assist us in the discussions in the European Union but he can obviously not take a decision here as a single member because there are 27 member states," said Minister Dlamini Zuma.
South Africa which is also the Chairperson of the Sadc has been urging foreign investors, multilateral agencies and international donors to acknowledge the positive developments taking place in Zimbabwe and help rebuild that country.
Mr Kalfin said the international community had expected the creation of a government reflective of the Zimbabwean people.
"I think that what we have now is the best possible option - an inclusive government and this government should receive very clear signals that if it proceeds in the right direction, economic reforms and democratic processes in the country, international support will be encouraged.
"I absolutely agree with Minister Dlamini Zuma and I think that the European Union has good reason to react positively. It is very important and we are going to pay very close attention to the developments in the country," said Mr Kalfin.
The deputy minister further noted former President Thabo Mbeki's efforts in this regard.
Zimbabwe has been slapped with sanctions, including travel and restrictions to finances. The International Monetary Fund's withdrawal of support in Zimbabwe was seen as a cue for other multilateral financial institutions to freeze credit lines to Zimbabwe.
The global lender suspended Zimbabwe's voting rights in 2003, barring it from participating in IMF decisions, as the country fell behind on paying its arrears to the fund.
While the country averted expulsion from the IMF, the fund has maintained its suspension of financial and technical assistance.
The African Development Bank and the World Bank have already expressed interest in assisting Zimbabwe and have said, in a joint statement, that the broad-based agreement represented a potential opportunity for the country.
Zimbabwe's new Cabinet, under the inclusive Government of unity, was on Friday sworn into Parliament in Harare. Morgan Tsvangirai and Arthur Mutambara were earlier sworn in as Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister respectively, while President Robert Mugabe keeps his title.
The two ministers also discussed the global financial crisis. According to Mr Kalfin this was important "to meet with different countries especially South Africa so that we can have a common ground for common actions to address the crisis."
- BuaNews/TZG
Labels: NKOSAZANAA DLAMINI ZUMA, SANCTIONS
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SAfrica urges EU and US to help Zimbabwe
Reuters/ZG
Thu, 13 Nov 2008 10:37:00 +0000
THE European Union and the United States should help Zimbabwe develop its agriculture and attract investment rather than impose sanctions that have hurt the people, South Africa's foreign minister said on Wednesday.
Washington and Brussels have imposed visa bans and asset freezes on President Robert Mugabe and other senior Zimbabwean officials. U.S. sanctions also bar Americans from engaging in any transactions or dealings with them.
"They (the sanctions) hurt the ordinary people ... if you have sanctions against the government then obviously investors will not want to deal with that government, tourists get frightened," Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma said in an interview.
"They hurt the people that deserve the help, they hurt the whole people," the South African minister told Reuters.
"The EU, the United States and other countries should begin to support the farmers to plant, to get fertilisers, to get business people to invest in Zimbabwe," Dlamini-Zuma said.
"It will help the people, they will get jobs, they will get money, they will be able to plant, they will be able to have food and not only to rely on aid," she added.
The European Commission proposed in July using 1 billion euros in unspent EU farm funds on a programme to buy seed and fertiliser for Africa this year and next, helping the continent to deal with threatened food shortages.
But the proposal has run into trouble as EU lawmakers and governments said the bloc's executive did not choose the right budgetary procedure.
"It is ridiculous to keep this fund in the air," Dlamini-Zuma said.
Zimbabweans had hoped a September 15 political deal would create a power-sharing leadership that could rescue the ruined economy. Instead, Zimbabwe's parties are deadlocked over allocating cabinet ministries.
Reuters/Zim Guardian
Labels: EU, NKOSAZANAA DLAMINI ZUMA, SANCTIONS, ZIMBABWE
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